Objective To understand the association between prenatal environmental exposures and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL） using an umbrella review methodology. Methods PubMed，the Cochrane Library，Embase，Web of Science，Scopus，CBM，CNKI，VIP Database and WanFang Data for systematic reviews and meta-analyses（SRoMAs） on risk factors for childhood ALL were systematically searched. The methodological quality of the included SRoMAs and the strength of the evidence were graded according to the umbrella review approach. A total of 20 eligible SRoMAs were included. Data synthesis，including the calculation of pooled effect sizes and heterogeneity analysis，was performed by using R 4.3.2. Results The umbrella review revealed a significant association between maternal exposure to pesticides in gestation and the risk of childhood ALL，with a pooled odds ratio（OR） of 1.42（95%CI：1.18-1.71，P<0.01）. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of this association，which was supported by Class I evidence（the highest grade）. No significant associations were found between childhood ALL and the other environmental factors，including exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields，maternal alcohol consumption，maternal coffee intake，or passive smoking during pregnancy. Conclusion This umbrella review of high-quality evidence identifies maternal exposure to pesticides in gestation as a significant risk factor for childhood ALL，supported by Class I evidence. This finding provides a high level of evidence for guiding primary prevention strategies aimed at reducing pesticide exposure during pregnancy.

Objective To understand the correlation between blood pressure and gut microbiota in arsenic-exposed mice and to provide the scientific data for clarifying the potential pathway of cardiovascular damage induced by environmental arsenic pollution. Methods Eighteen 8-week-old SPF-grade C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups：control group（NC），arsenic exposure group（As） and fecal microbiota transplantation group from arsenic-exposed mice（FMT-As），with 6 mice in each group（3 males and 3 females）. The NC group drank pure water，the As group drank the water containing 100 μg/L sodium arsenite，and the FMT-As group was treated with fresh fecal suspension from mice in the As group through gavage，and the intervention lasted for 12 weeks. At the end of the experiment，the blood pressure of mice was measured by a non-invasive blood pressure monitor；16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes in intestinal flora. Spectrophotometry and radioimmunoassay were used to detect the levels of endothelin-1（ET-1） and nitric oxide（NO） in mouse serum. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed to explore the correlation between intestinal flora and blood pressure. Results Compared with the NC group，the serum ET-1 level was significantly increased，while the NO level was significantly decreased in the As group and FMT-As group. Both systolic blood pressure（SBP） and diastolic blood pressure（DBP） were significantly increased. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio（F/B） in the intestinal flora was significantly reduced. At the genus level，the relative abundances of Bacteroides，Alloprevotella，and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001 significantly increased，while the relative abundance of Bacillus significantly decreased. Correlation analysis showed that SBP and DBP of arsenic-exposed mice were positively correlated with Bacteroides， Alloprevotella，and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001（r values were 0.650，0.527，0.791 and 0.660，0.590，0.758，respectively， P<0.05），but negatively correlated with Lactobacillus，Desulfovibrio，and Bacillus（r values were -0.742，-0.482， -0.841 and -0.629，-0.502，-0.740，respectively，P<0.05）. Conclusion Arsenic exposure can induce increased blood pressure and intestinal flora disturbance in mice，and the changes in intestinal flora composition are closely correlated with blood pressure alterations，suggesting that intestinal microbiota may be involved in the process of arsenic exposure-induced cardiovascular damage in mice.

Objective To understand the health status and influencing factors of workers in a daily chemical enterprise during 2021-2023，and to provide a basis for formulating scientific preventive and intervention measures. Methods The health examination data of the employees of this enterprise during 2021-2023 were collected，1 968 person-times were included as the research subjects，and descriptive statistical analysis and binary logistic regression were used in the present study. Results The detection rates of refractive errors，hearing loss，abnormal pulmonary function，cardiac abnormalities，renal impairment and hypertension varied significantly across years（P<0.05）. Anemia，abnormal pulmonary function and cardiac abnormalities were more prevalent in females，while males had higher rates of abnormal alanine aminotransferase（ALT） levels，renal impairment，hypertension and hyperlipidemia（P<0.05）. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia increased with age and longer work experience，whereas abnormal ALT levels decreased with age. Employees aged ≤30 years had higher rates of refractive errors and cardiac abnormalities. Those with 10-20 years of work experience showed higher rates of abnormal ALT levels than other groups（P<0.05）. Employees in the injection molding department had higher rates of refractive errors and hyperlipidemia，while those in maintenance had the highest hearing loss rate and the lowest hyperlipidemia rate（P<0.05）. Significant differences in refractive errors，hearing loss，renal impairment，and hyperlipidemia were found across occupational hazard exposures（P<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that older age，exposure to other single risk factors，and simultaneous exposure to noise and dust were risk factors for abnormal physical examination（P<0.05）. Conclusion It is suggested that enterprises should strengthen health education for employees to promote healthy lifestyle，so as to improve the overall health level.

Objective To understand the current situation of drinking water samples management in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at all levels in Jinhua area，so as to provide a reference for establishing a water samples management system. Methods Based on the standard GB/T 5750.2-2023，from April to August 2025，on-site inspections and questionnaire surveys were employed to obtain the monthly values or median values of 17 quality indicators，including sampling score，correct selection rate of sampling containers，turn around time outside the laboratory for samples，number of on-site blank samples per batch and proportion of on-site parallel samples. Results Among the monthly survey results of the 17 quality indicators，only two indicators，namely on-site determination rate of disinfectant-related indicators and incidence of expired use of sterilized sampling containers were completely in line with the requirements of the standard（GB/T 5750.2-2023）. The proportions of the best values for the indicators were relatively low. Specifically，the proportion of proportion of on-site parallel samples>10% was 28.9%，the proportion of number of transport blank samples per batch≥1 was 44.7%，and the proportion of number of on-site blank samples per batch≥1 was 50.0%. The indicators with relatively large ranges were：selection of sampling containers for water samples（R=50.0），addition of fixatives（R=100.0），and refrigerated and light-protected transportation（R=50.0）. The mean values of the sampling score indicator for source water，finished water and tap water were （3.28±1.086），（3.22±1.114），and （2.62±1.096） points，respectively. There were significant differences in the mean values of the sampling score indicator among the three types of water samples（F=5.274，P<0.05）. There were also significant differences in the sampling score indicator values between source water and tap water（P<0.05） and between finished water and tap water（P<0.05）. Conclusion There is still a certain gap between the current situation of water sample collection and preservation and the requirements of GB/T 5750.2-2023. Currently，it is necessary to improve the water sample management system and standardize the supervision measures for quality indicators in the processes of water sample collection，transportation and preservation.

Objective To understand the level of ecological environment and health literacy among residents in Gansu Province in 2022 and the influencing factors，and to provide the scientific data for formulating precise health education and health promotion strategies. Methods The simple stratified random sampling method was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey among permanent residents aged 15-69 years in 6 cities and prefectures in Gansu Province. The “National Monitoring Questionnaire on Ecological Environment and Health Literacy of Residents” was used for the survey. A total of 2 211 valid questionnaires were recovered（the effective response rate was 96.13%）. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Group comparison was conducted using the χ² test. Results The overall literacy level of residents in Gansu Province was 13.4%（297/2 211）. The literacy level of urban residents（19.8%） was 2.87 times that of rural residents（6.9%），there was a significant urban-rural difference（P<0.05）. Among the first-level classified literacy，the basic knowledge literacy level was the lowest（12.5%）；among the second-level classifications，scientific knowledge（7.7%） was the weakest. The correct response rates of questions such as “Pathogenic factors of fine particulate matter（PM_2.5）”（D36，total correct response rate 6.7%） was extremely low. Conclusion The level of ecological environment and health literacy of residents in Gansu Province is low，with significant urban-rural differences，and a serious lack of scientific knowledge. It is recommended to carry out targeted risk perception education among rural residents and those with low educational levels based on the Health Belief Model（HBM），and to deeply integrate knowledge popularization and skills training to effectively improve residents’ literacy.

Objective To know the total hardness content and distribution characteristics of drinking water in Huanggang City during 2019-2024，and to provide the scientific data for drinking water safety supervision. Methods According to the drinking water quality monitoring plan of Hubei Province and Huanggang City from 2019 to 2024，the monitoring points covered all the cities and rural areas under the jurisdiction of Huanggang City. Among them，urban water was monitored by street units，with at least 10 monitoring points a unit，and rural water was monitored by township units，with at least 6 monitoring points a township. The water quality monitoring points were basically the same each year，and samples were collected once in the dry season（April-May） and once in the wet season（September-October）. A total of 4 626 samples of various types of drinking water in Huanggang City were collected during 2019-2024，including 2 313 samples in the dry season and 2 313 samples in the wet season，3 356 samples of rural water and 1 270 samples of urban water. The total hardness content of water samples was detected by the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration method in accordance with GB/T 5750-2006 and GB/T 5750-2023 “Standard Test Methods for Drinking Water”. The limit value of total hardness content was referred to GB 5749-2022 “Hygienic Standards for Drinking Water”. The comparison of total hardness content between the two groups was conducted by using the Mann-Whitney U test，and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparisons among multiple groups. Results The qualified rates of total hardness of drinking water in Huanggang City from 2019 to 2024 was 100.00%，with a range of 1.50-323.00 mg/L，and the median was 63.20 mg/L. There were statistically significant differences in total hardness among different years，regions，water sample types，and water source classifications（P<0.01）. The median comparison of total hardness showed that urban water>rural water，terminal water>secondary water>finished water，and river water>others>reservoir water. From 2019 to 2024，drinking water in Huanggang City was mainly soft water，and the proportion of soft water in different water samples was above 85%. The differences in total hardness of drinking water among different water periods（dry season and wet season） and different regions（urban and rural areas） in Huanggang City over the years were all statistically significant（all P<0.01）. The M value of total hardness in drinking water remained stable and then decreased in the dry season and wet season. The M value of total hardness in rural water continued to decrease，while the M value of total hardness in urban water first increased and then decreased. The M value of total hardness in urban water over the years was higher than that in rural water. Conclusion The total hardness of drinking water in Huanggang City from 2019 to 2024 meets the national standards and has a high qualification rate. It is necessary to pay special attention to the situation where the total hardness of a few points is relatively high.

Objective To understand the potential health risks by detecting residual harmful substances in commercially available food-grade L-methionine，and to provide the scientific data support for its safe production. Methods From 17 initially selected enterprises，six manufacturers representative of the industry were ultimately chosen as the sample sources based on the criteria including independent production qualifications，two core production processes and varying enterprise scales. A total of 96 batches of food-grade L-methionine samples provided by these six enterprises were collected for testing and analysis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） was used to determine the content of heavy metals lead and arsenic in the samples. Gas chromatography（GC） was used to determine the residues of methanol and ethanol. Visual turbidimetry was employed to determine the sulfate content. Dietary exposure analysis was conducted by using the point estimate method，with the margin of safety（MOS） serving as the risk characterization indicator. A lower MOS value indicates a higher risk. Results For heavy metals，lead residues ranged from 0.018-0.075 mg/kg，and arsenic residues ranged from 0.002-0.005 mg/kg；for organic solvents，methanol and ethanol were not detected in any batches；sulfate content（calculated as SO₄） did not exceed 0.02%. The risk assessment results indicated that the dietary exposure risks for all three categories of harmful substances were acceptable. Based on the risk levels reflected by the MOS values in descending order（from high to low risk），the ranking was as follows：lead（33）>sulfates（225）>methanol（240）>ethanol（450）>arsenic（980）. Conclusion Health risks from residues in current food-grade L-methionine production are controllable. However，comprehensive control from raw materials to production-particularly for lead is essential to ensure product safety.

Objective To understand the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of iron in rural drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during 2013-2022 and the influencing factors. Methods The iron data in rural drinking water in Inner Mongolia during 2013 to 2022 were collected. Each township，town and sumu was set with 2-4 monitoring points，and the water samples were collected once in the dry season（May） and the wet season（August-September） respectively. A total of 40 418 water samples were determined during the study period，including 20 906 samples in the wet season and 19 512 samples in the dry season. The disqualified rate was calculated. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between iron and other factors in drinking water. The influencing factors were explored according to the runoff and geological characteristics of Inner Mongolia. Results 40 409 valid water samples were determined during 2013-2022，including 20 903 samples in the wet season and 19 506 samples in the dry season. The difference in disqualified rates over the 10 years was statistically significant（P<0.05），with a downward trend. Among different river basins，the iron content in the Heilongjiang River Basin and Liaohe River Basin was higher than that in other basins. For different water periods，disqualified rate in the dry season was higher than that in the wet season. There was no significant difference in iron concentration between finished water and terminal water（tap water） among different water sample types（P>0.05）. Regarding different water source types，disqualified rate of iron in deep well water was higher than that in shallow well water and other water sources in all years except 2013 and 2018，with significant differences（P<0.05）. Iron in rural drinking water was negatively correlated with pH value，nitrate nitrogen and free residual chlorine in water，with significant differences（P<0.01），it was positively correlated with water oxygen consumption，sulfate and manganese，also with significant differences（P<0.01）. Combined with the analysis of runoff conditions and geological conditions（iron ore distribution），disqualified rate of iron was greatly affected by the background quality of drinking water sources. Conclusion To ensure the safety of rural drinking water in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，it is necessary to continue drinking water monitoring，keep track of continuous changes in water quality，and further promote water improvement work.

Objective To understand the potential food safety risks by continuous monitor of dehydroacetic acid（DHA） used in rice and wheat products sold in Gongshu District，Hangzhou City. Methods Four types of rice and wheat products including bread and cakes，raw and wet wheat products，fermented wheat products and rice noodle products were collected from circulation and catering links for determination of DHA during 2020-2023. The DHA content in the foods was tested by using liquid chromatography. Differences in DHA residue levels were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis H test，and rate comparisons were performed by using the χ² test. Results 181 samples were collected with the detection rate of DHA was 33.70%（61/181），and the unqualified rate was 29.83%（54/181）. The unqualified rate of DHA in 4 types of food was significantly different（P<0.05）. Among them，no unqualified samples were found in bread and cakes（limit value：0.5 g/kg），while rice noodle products had the highest unqualified rate of 68.92%. There were differences in DHA residues among the four types of rice and wheat products（H=17.318，P<0.05）. The median value of DHA in rice noodle products was 0.090 1 g/kg，which was higher than that in fermented wheat products（0.002 0 g/kg） and raw and wet wheat products（0.002 0 g/kg），with a statistically significant difference（P<0.05）. There was a statistically significant difference in the DHA unqualified rate among the samples from different sampling links（P<0.05），and the farmers’ market had the highest unqualified rate（43.18%）. There was a statistically significant difference in DHA residues of rice and wheat products among different sampling links（H=8.590，P<0.05）. During the 2020 food safety risk monitoring in Gongshu District，it was found the unqualified rate of DHA in 20 rice noodle products samples reached 65.00%. In the following years，the types and quantity of food samples were expanded. The unqualified rates for rice and wheat products from 2021 to 2023 were 18.03%（11/61），30.00%（21/70） and 30.00%（9/30），respectively. However，the unqualified samples were still predominantly rice noodle products. The unqualified rates for rice noodle products from 2021 to 2023 were 50.00%（9/18），80.77%（21/26） and 80.00%（8/10），respectively. Conclusion The excessive use DHA in rice and wheat products is serious in Gongshu District. The regulatory authorities should pay more attention to rice and wheat products from farmer’s market and rice noodle products.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of occupational diseases in Hedong District，Tianjin City from 2009 to 2023，and to propose targeted countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods The diagnosis data of occupational diseases in Hedong District，Tianjin City from 2009 to 2023 were collected through the National Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System. The key information was quality-controlled through telephone follow-up，and the incidence characteristics of occupational diseases in Hedong District were retrospectively analyzed. Results From 2009 to 2023，a total of 1 519 cases of occupational diseases were diagnosed in Hedong District，including 20 types in seven categories.Comparing the distribution of pneumoconiosis cases by gender，age，length of service，enterprise size，enterprise economic type and type of work，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. In terms of gender composition，the proportion of men was significantly higher than that of women. From the perspective of age composition，among the silicosis and caster’s pneumoconiosis case groups，the age group over 60 accounted for a high proportion of cases. From the perspective of working age composition，among the silicosis and other pneumoconiosis case groups，the group with >10 to 20 years of working experience accounted for the highest proportion of cases. From the perspective of enterprise size composition，large enterprises accounted for the highest proportion in the silicosis case group，and medium-sized enterprises accounted for the highest proportion in the foundry pneumoconiosis case group. From the perspective of enterprise type composition，state-owned enterprises accounted for the highest proportion in each pneumoconiosis case group. From the perspective of job composition，molding，crushing and raw material workers were the types of work with high incidence of silicosis；smelting and pouring was the type of work with high incidence of pneumoconiosis among casters；and welders were the type of work with high incidence of pneumoconiosis among welders. In addition，ear，nose，throat and oral diseases were the diseases with the largest number of patients besides pneumoconiosis. Conclusion Occupational pneumoconiosis is still the most important occupational disease in Hedong District. However，the proportion of occupational ear，nose，throat and oral diseases and occupational poisoning is increasing year by year，and the prevention and control of occupational diseases still needs to be focused.

Objective To know the residual levels of sulfur dioxide in key commercially available foods and the health risks to the residents through dietary intake. Methods From March 2023 to May 2025，a total of 645 samples of key foods，including dried fruits and vegetables，edible fungi，bean products，pickled vegetables，shrimp and dried shrimp products，were collected from Taihzou City. The sulfur dioxide content was determined by using the acid-base titration method，and health risks were assessed by using the point evaluation method. Results The detection rate of sulfur dioxide in the key foods was 86.2%，with a detection range from 1.4 to 2 483.0 mg/kg. There were 62 non-compliant samples，resulting in an overall non-compliance rate of 9.6%. Among these，spicy cabbage had the highest non-compliance rate（60.0%），followed by dried cordyceps flowers，dried fruits and shrimps. By calculating the exposure to sulfur dioxide，the hazard quotient（HQ） values for all types of key foods were found to be less than 1. Conclusion Sulfur dioxide residues are commonly presented in key foods，with some products showing relatively high residual levels. However，the overall health risks to humans remain within an acceptable level.

Objective To understand the water quality of swimming places in Daxing District，Beijing City and to find the influencing factors and propose corresponding measures. Methods From May to September during 2021-2025，sampling and monitoring were conducted at swimming places that had obtained health permits and were normally open in Daxing District，Beijing City. According to the requirements of “Public Place Health Inspection MethodsPart 6：Technical Specifications for Health Monitoring”（GB/T 18204.6-2013），monitoring was carried out during peak hours of passenger flow in swimming venues. Each swimming pool was equipped with 3 sampling points，evenly distributed diagonally. A water sample of 500 mL was collected at a depth of 30 cm below the pool surface in the sampling area. The pH value，urea，free chlorine，turbidity，total bacterial count and coliform bacteria weree tested. The comparison of qualitative data was conducted by using the χ² test. Results From 2021 to 2025，216 swimming pool water samples were determined，with qualification rate of 24.07%. The qualified rates from 2021 to 2025 were 28.21%，12.50%，10.00%，56.67% and 13.33%，respectively，with significant differences in different years（P<0.01）. The qualified rates of coliform bacteria and turbidity were both 100%. The qualified rates of other indicators from high to low were total bacterial count（85.65%），urea（63.42%），pH value（61.57%） and free residual chlorine（57.87%）. The differences in pH value and free residual chlorine qualified rate in different years were statistically significant（P<0.01）. Conclusion There are some hygienic problems in the water quality of swimming places in Daxing District，Beijing City. It is necessary to strengthen hygienic supervision and optimize the water hygiene of swimming pools.

Objective To understand the total hardness changes of drinking water in Jiangyin City，and to provide a reference for improving local water quality. Methods According to the water quality monitoring plans of Jiangsu Province and Wuxi City，the sampling sites covered all 17 towns in Jiangyin City. In the urban area，8 monitoring sites were established，covering finished water，tap water and secondary water supply. In each of the other towns，4 monitoring sites were set up. The monitoring was conducted quarterly. All 4 sites were monitored in the first and third quarters，while 2 of the 4 sites were selected for monitoring in the second and fourth quarters. The data collected from January 2017 to December 2024 were analyzed. Variations in total hardness across different years，quarters and water sample types were compared. Results From January 2017 to December 2024，a total of 1 571 water samples were collected. The median total hardness was 122.5 mg/L，with a compliance rate of 100%. Based on hardness classification，the majority of samples were soft water，accounting for 96.0%. Statistically significant differences in total hardness were observed across different years and quarters（P<0.05）. Total hardness was higher in the first and fourth quarters compared to the second and third quarters. The proportions of soft and moderately hard water also showed statistically significant variations by year and quarter（P<0.05），with a higher proportion of moderately hard water in the first quarter than in other quarters. The median total hardness values for tap water，secondary water supply and finished water were 122.3，121.8 and 123.6 mg/L，respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in total hardness or in the proportions of soft and moderately hard water among different water sample types（P>0.05）. Conclusion The total hardness of drinking water in Jiangyin City is generally satisfactory，predominantly classified as soft. The local residents may consider appropriately increasing their dietary intake of elements such as calcium and magnesium to prevent related diseases.

Objective s To understand the health risks of chlorination disinfection by-products（trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids） in drinking water via oral intake and skin contact in Jiangbei District of Chongqing City during 2023-2024. Methods A total of 200 water samples（finished water，tap water and secondary water supply） from 3 local waterworks（all using sodium hypochlorite for disinfection） were collected and monitored across four quarters during 2023-2024. Health risk assessment was performed based on the US EPA-recommended health risk model and Technical Guidelines for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemicals（WS/T 277-2021）. Results All water samples met the Standards for Drinking Water Quality（GB 5749-2022）. For adults，the total lifetime carcinogenic risk of the five by-products was 64.55×10^-6，and the combined chronic non-carcinogenic risk was 0.131，both within acceptable limits. The total carcinogenic risks for adult males and females were 59.04×10^-6 and 70.56×10^-6，respectively，with statistically significant differences（P<0.05）. No significant differences were found between waterworks or supply links（P>0.05），but seasonal variations were significant—summer samples showed the highest risks（total carcinogenic risk：26.86×10^-6）（P<0.05）. Conclusion Both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the five chlorination disinfection by-products in the study area’s drinking water are acceptable. Trichloromethane is a key risk factor and should be prioritized for control.

Objective To understand the influence of sequential heating and high-flow oxygen therapy with humidification combined with human immunoglobulin on the levels of serum soluble myeloid trigger receptor-1（sTREM-1），pulmonary surfactant protein D（SP-D），and extravascular lung water index（EVLWI） in patients with severe pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with severe pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University from July 2023 to July 2025 were chosen as the research subjects. The patients were randomly divided into A group（treated with non-invasive ventilator），B group（sequential heating and high-flow oxygen therapy with humidification），C group（non-invasive ventilator treatment combined with intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin） and D group（sequential heating and high-flow oxygen therapy with humidification combined with intravenous infusion of human immunoglobulin） with 30 cases in each group. The respiratory dynamics indicators，serum indicators，EVLWI of the four groups were compared. Results After treatment，the trends of respiratory dynamics indicators（mean airway pressure，airway plateau pressure，end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure，airway resistance and pulmonary resistance） were as follows：D group<C group<B group<A group，and the trend of static compliance was that D group>C group>B group>A group（P<0.05）. After treatment，the trends of procalcitonin，high-sensitivity C-reactive protein，sTREM-1 and SP-D were as follows：D group<C group<B group<A group（P<0.05）. Before treatment，the EVLWI of group A，group B，group C and group D were（13.79±3.20），（13.51±3.16），（14.23±3.24） and（14.38±3.27） mL/kg，respectively，with on significant difference（F=0.463，P>0.05），after treatment，the EVLWI of the four groups were（11.62±2.13），（9.74±2.08），（7.25±1.84） and（6.11±1.69） mL/kg，with significant difference（F=48.770，P<0.01）. Conclusion Sequential heating and high-flow oxygen therapy with humidification combined with human immunoglobulin can effectively improve the respiratory and pulmonary functions of patients with severe pneumonia complicated with respiratory failure，reduce inflammatory responses and pulmonary edema.

Objective To developed a rapid analytical method combining solidification of floating organic droplet-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction（SFO-DLLME） with gas chromatography with electron capture detector（GC-ECD） for simultaneous determination of 20 organochlorine pesticides（OCPs） in water. Methods 12.5 mL water placed into the centrifuge tube and 0.625 g sodium chloride was added. 80 μL undecanol（extractant solvent） and 2.0 mL acetonitrile（dispersive solvent） were rapidly injected into water sample. After vortexed for 1 min，50 ℃ water bath for 5 minutes and centrifuged at 6 000 r/min for 3 min，the water sample was cooled down in an ice bath till undecanol became solid and formed a small ball. Then the solidified undecanol phase was transferred and directly detected by GC-ECD method after it melted. Separation was achieved by using an Rtx-5 column（30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm），with quantification performed by external standard method. Results Twenty OCPs were linear in the range of 0.01-0.10 μg/L with correlation coefficients（R²） between 0.995 and 0.999. The limits of detection of the twenty OCPs ranged from 1.25 to 2.50 ng/L，the limits of quantification of the twenty OCPs ranged from 3.75 to 7.25 ng/L. The recoveries of the twenty OCPs in the different water matrices（tap water，stream water and lake water） were 83.6%-107.2%，and relative standard deviation were 0.6%-5.8%（n=6） at three levels of 10，25 and 50 ng/L. Conclusion This method has high sensitivity，good accuracy and operational simplicity，and is applicable to the routine monitoring of twenty kinds of OCPs in water.

Objective To establish headspace-gas chromatography（HS-GC） and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography（HS-SPME-GC） for the determination of iodide in water，the pretreatment conditions were systematically optimized，the technical parameters of the two methods were compared and the determination consistency was explored. Methods The determination conditions such as headspace，solid-phase microextraction and chromatography were optimized，and the detection limit，precision and accuracy of the two methods were compared. Results The average recovery rate of HS-GC method was 98.9%-100.8%，and the relative standard deviation was 2.7%-3.6%；the average recovery rate of HS-SPME-GC method was 96.3%-98.6%，and the relative standard deviation was 2.0%-6.5%. The lowest detection concentration of the HS-GC method was 0.05 μg/L，and the HS-SPME-GC method presented the advantages of extraction and enrichment，and the detection concentration was as low as 0.01 μg/L. The measurement results of the actual samples by the HS-GC method and the HS-SPME-GC method were（8.5±1.1） and（8.1±1.2） μg/L，respectively，without significant difference（P>0.05）. Conclusion Both methods show good precision and accuracy，which can meet the daily detection needs of iodide in drinking water. Among them，the HS-GC method is easy to operate and has high accuracy，and is more suitable for the rapid determination of high-concentration samples. The HS-SPME-GC method has excellent sensitivity and significant advantages in trace iodide detection，but its detection cost is relatively high，and it can be used as a priority for trace analysis of environmental water samples.

The study of mineral elements in drinking water and their health effects has long been central to scientific exploration，with increasing evidence progressively shaping our understanding. Drinking natural mineral water can supply significant amounts of vital elements such as calcium，magnesium and lithium，leading to several health advantages. To consolidate the existing knowledge，a systematic search was conducted across PubMed，Web of Science，Sciencedirect，CNKI and Wanfang Data for peer-reviewed publications from the past five years，offering a comprehensive review of the health effects related to these mineral elements.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Binhai New Area，Tianjin City from 2014 to 2024，and predict its incidence trend in 2025，thereby providing the evidence for future prevention and control of bacillary dysentery. Methods A total of 13 987 cases of bacillary dysentery reported in Binhai New Area from 2014 to 2024 were collected from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The data were organized and analyzed by using Excel 2021 and SPSS 26.0 software for epidemiological characterization. A Holt-Winters multiplicative model was established to predict the incidence trend in 2025. Results From 2014 to 2024，Binhai New Area reported 13 987 cases of bacillary dysentery，without fatal cases. The average annual incidence rate was 49.54 per 100 000 population，and the differences in incidence rates across years were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The high-incidence period occurred from May to October. The highest incidence rate（468.01 per 100 000） was observed in the 0- age group. The cases were mainly scattered children，workers and students. High-risk areas included Tanggu Street，Dagang Street and Hangu Street. The Holt-Winters multiplicative model predicted a total of 870 cases of bacterial dysentery in 2025，which was a slight decrease compared to 2024. Conclusion The incidence of bacillary dysentery in Binhai New Area presents a seasonal variation，with a high prevalence from May to October. Children aged 0-years are the focus population for prevention and control. The predicted incidence level for 2025 shows a decline，remaining at a consistently low and stable level overall.