Objective To understand the effect of temperature variability（TV） on cancer mortality. Methods The data on cancer-associated age-standardized mortality rate（ASMR），meteorological，environmental and social characteristics from 200 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were collected and organized. A generalized additive regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between TV and cancer ASMR. The adjusted excess risk（ER） and its 95% confidence interval（CI） were used to represent the percentage change in cancer ASMR for each 1 ℃ increase in TV. The robustness of the result was validated through subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Results From 1990 to 2019，the global median ASMR of cancer was 126.16/10⁵（99.26/10⁵，151.63/10⁵），and the median（P₂₅，P₇₅） TV was 0.53 ℃（0.23 ℃，0.98 ℃）. The regression model analysis showed a positive correlation between TV and ASMR. For each 1 ℃ increase in TV，the overall cancer ASMR increased by 3.18%（95%CI：2.62%-3.75%） in the year of exposure. This correlation was more pronounced in individuals aged 40 to 59，and living in areas with low sociodemographic index or with severe air pollution. The cumulative lagged effect of TV on cancer mortality peaked at 0-2 years（ER=5.09%，95%CI：3.59%-6.62%）. Conclusion This study suggests that TV may be positively correlated with cancer mortality.

Objective To understand the impact of heat wave-ozone successive compound events on mortality risk and disease burden among residents in Chengdu. Methods This study adopted a two-stage research framework consisting of a modeling period and an extrapolation period. An exposure-response relationship model was constructed by using daily meteorological data，ozone concentration data and mortality data（including all-cause mortality，cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality and respiratory mortality） in 2010-2016. Assuming population susceptibility remained stable，the model was extrapolated to the period 2017-2023 to evaluate the changing trend of mortality burden attributable to long-term successive compound events. Extreme events and successive compound events were defined based on percentiles of temperature under the historical climate state（T1，T2，T3） and the daily maximum 8-hour ozone concentration（O1，O2）. The distributed lag non-linear model（DLNM） and generalized linear model（GLM） were employed to analyze the mortality risk and synergistic effects，and to estimate the number of attributable deaths. Results The mortality risk of compound events was significantly higher than that of single events，and a synergistic effect was observed（RERI>0），with the most prominent synergistic effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular mortality. Extrapolation results showed that the number of days with compound events in Chengdu increased significantly from 2010 to 2023，reaching 29 days in 2022. The estimated number of attributable deaths from compound events in 2017-2023（2 770） increased by approximately 5.35-fold compared with that in 2010-2016（436），indicating a sharp increase in health burden. Conclusion Successive compound exposure to heatwaves and ozone in Chengdu may produce a significant synergistic amplification effect，with health hazards markedly greater than exposure to either single factor alone. Both the frequency of compound events and the associated mortality burden exhibited a rapid growth trend from 2010 to 2023.

Objective To understand the synergistic effects of air pollution and weather and climate conditions on cerebrovascular diseases（CVD） in Xiamen City. Methods Based on the hospitalization information of cardiovascular and CVD at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from 2018 to 2020，combined with climate evaluation，meteorological elements and atmospheric environment observation data，statistical comparison，weather and climate diagnosis methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of CVD in Xiamen City，revealing its synergistic effect by atmospheric environment weather and climate and potential causes. Results During the research period，there were more males than females with CVD in Xiamen，with 56.8% of the population aged 40-70 and 33.4% aged 70 and above. Autumn and winter were the peak seasons for CVD，followed by spring. During the cold season（December to March of the following year），CVD showed a negative correlation with average temperature，maximum temperature and minimum temperature after a lag of 3-5 days，and a positive correlation with NO₂，CO，and SO₂ concentrations（P<0.05）. CVD was positively correlated with O₃-MDA8 and PM_2.5 concentrations during the warm season（April to November）. Selecting CVD≥80% percentile cases，it was found that high concentrations of PM_2.5 and NO₂ exposure during the cold season，coupled with large fluctuations in meteorological factors，were conducive to an abnormal increase in CVD. The abnormal increase in CVD during the warm season was significantly positively correlated with the number of O₃-MDA8≥100 μg/m³ days. Active exposure to high concentrations of O₃ and abnormal high temperatures were the biggest risk factors for inducing CVD. Conclusion The higher the concentration of PM_2.5 and NO₂ in the cold season and O₃-MDA8 in the warm season，the greater the possibility of increased CVD risk due to pollution exposure. Meteorology is mainly reflected in the severe fluctuations of meteorological elements in the cold season and the significant increase in CVD risk due to high temperatures in summer. The present study has enhanced the scientific understanding of the impact of meteorology and environment on CVD，providing the technical support for public health departments to develop CVD prevention measures.

Objective To understand the effects of ambient air pollutants on respiratory outpatient visits in Nanjing. Methods The daily data on air pollutants（PM₁₀，PM_2.5，PM₁，NO₂ and O₃），meteorological factors and respiratory outpatient records from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2020 were collected. Exposure-response relationships were evaluated by using exposure risk assessment methods. Results From 2015 to 2020，both the number of outpatient visits for respiratory diseases and atmospheric pollutant concentrations in Nanjing exhibited a seasonal pattern of high levels in winter and low levels in summer. General practice，pediatric and non-pediatric outpatient volumes shared identical variation trends and peaked in winter and spring. The proportion of pediatric visits was markedly higher than that of non-pediatric visits，and pediatric outpatient attendance was obviously affected by air pollutants，meteorological conditions and seasonal factors. Single-pollutant model analysis showed that PM₁₀，PM_2.5，PM₁ and NO₂ were positively correlated with respiratory outpatient visits，with NO₂ producing the strongest effect（a 1.7% rise in outpatient visits per 10 μg/m³ increment，95%CI：1.014-1.020），while O₃ presented a negative correlation. The health impacts of all pollutants weakened as lag days extended，and stronger associations were found in pediatric groups relative to non-pediatric groups. Multi-pollutant model analyses indicated that particulate matter with smaller particle sizes carried higher cumulative lagged risks. Per 10 μg/m³ increase in PM₁₀，PM_2.5 and PM₁，general outpatient visits increased by 3.1%（95%CI：1.027-1.035），4.8%（95%CI：1.041-1.055） and 10.0%（95%CI：1.089-1.112），respectively. NO₂ and O₃ could attenuate the adverse health effects of particulate matter，among which NO₂ exerted a more remarkable mitigating effect，and pediatric populations showed higher susceptibility to air pollutant exposure. Conclusion Air pollutant exposures are significantly associated with increased respiratory outpatient visits in Nanjing，with obvious lag effects. Children are more vulnerable to air pollution.

Objective To understand the impact of meteorological factors on influenza in Ma’anshan City. Methods Based on the daily influenza visiting numbers and meteorological data for the same period from 2020 to 2024 in Ma’anshan City，Spearman correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression models were used to analyze the correlation between the meteorological elements such as temperature，relative humidity and air pressure and influenza visiting numbers，and to construct a prediction model. Results The year 2023 was the peak year for influenza，accounting for 60.6% of the total visiting numbers over the five years. The influenza visiting numbers in Ma’anshan City showed a high incidence in winter and spring and a low incidence in summer，with winter accounting for 44.9%. December was the peak month，with the numbers being 38.8 times that of June. The daily influenza clinic visits were significantly negatively correlated with daily average temperature，daily minimum temperature，average relative humidity and average wind speed，and significantly positively correlated with average air pressure（correlation coefficient approximately 0.2），with precipitation having a weaker influence. A prediction model was constructed by using minimum temperature，average relative humidity and average air pressure as independent variables，and the correlation coefficient was 0.589 in 2024. Conclusion The influenza epidemic in Ma’anshan City has a significant seasonal pattern，and the meteorological factors are significantly correlated with influenza visits. The constructed prediction model has certain practical value and can provide a scientific basis for local seasonal early warning and prevention and control of influenza.

Objective To fit and predict the influenza-like illness visits percentage（ILI%） in Yuyao City，Zhejiang province， and to explore the epidemiological patterns by using the Prophet time-series forecasting model，and provide a scientific basis for local influenza prevention and control as well as resource allocation. Methods ILI% data from the influenza surveillance network in Yuyao City from January 2019 to December 2025 were collected. The descriptive epidemiological methods were applied to analyze the epidemic characteristics and trends. The Prophet model was used to fit and forecast ILI% data，with its performance compared against a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average（SARIMA） model，with model performance evaluated using root mean square error（RMSE），mean absolute error（MAE） and mean absolute percentage error（MAPE）. Results From 2019 to 2025，ILI% in Yuyao City showed an initial increase followed by stabilization，2023 as a significant trend change point，with bimodal seasonal characteristics featuring a primary winter peak and a secondary summer peak. The Prophet model’s predictions for 2025 ILI% aligned well with actual values，with monthly relative errors ranging from 1.22% to 10.11%. Model performance indicators demonstrated high predictive accuracy（RMSE=0.36，MAE=0.28，MAPE=7.17%），all superior to those of the comparison SARIMA model（RMSE=1.56，MAE=1.74，MAPE=36.28%）. Extrapolation forecasts indicated that ILI% in 2026 would maintain a bimodal pattern，with a potentially prominent winter epidemic peak. Conclusion The Prophet model can effectively capture the complex temporal characteristics of ILI% in Yuyao City and exhibit good predictive performance. The results suggest that the baseline influenza activity in Yuyao City may have shifted，and it is recommended that health authorities dynamically assess early warning strategies and deploy prevention and control resources in advance.

Objective To understand the exposure level and profile of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） in serum of early pregnant woman living in Shunyin District，Beijing，and to explore the associations between serum PFAS levels and indexes of fetal development and birth outcome. Methods Thirty-one PFASs in 194 serum samples were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman analysis was used to explored the correlation among levels of PFASs，and that between serum PFAS levels and indexes of fetal development and birth outcome. Multiple linear regression（MLR） model was established to reveal the associations between serum PFAS levels and indexes of fetal development and birth outcome. Results All 31 PFASs were detected in the serum samples，and both legacy and novel PFASs had high detection frequencies，with 17 of them had detection frequencies of >50%. The concentrations of ∑PFASs（sum of all PFASs） ranged from 0.456 to 1 580 ng/mL，with mean and median of 87.6 and 29.3 ng/mL，respectively. Spearman analysis showed that most PFASs presented significant correlations，indicating that PFASs in serum shared similar sources. In all participants，some PFASs showed significant and positive associations with height and body weight of the newborns. In mother-girl group，quite a few PFASs showed significant and positive associations with length of femur，biparietal diameter and head circumference，while in mother-boy group，PFASs only had associations with height of the newborns，indicating that PFASs showed stronger effects on girls. Conclusion PFASs are maybe ubiquitous in pregnant woman，and novel PFASs also exhibit contamination in a certain degree，some PFASs may pose potential health risks to fetus.

Objective To understand the pollution levels，the sources and the health risks via inhalation exposure of metallic and metalloid elements in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Xinxiang City from 2023 to 2024. Methods A total of 400 atmospheric PM_2.5 samples were regularly collected each month at two monitoring sites in Xinxiang City from 2023 to 2024. Statistical analysis was conducted on PM_2.5 mass concentrations and the mass concentrations of metallic and metalloid elements. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations among 12 elements，and factor analysis was applied to identify their sources，and population health risks were assessed in accordance with relevant standards. Results From 2023 to 2024，the average mass concentration of atmospheric PM_2.5 in Xinxiang City was 61.1 μg/m³. Both monitored areas exhibited higher pollution levels in winter and the heating period. The average mass concentrations of metallic and metalloid elements followed the order：Aluminum（Al） > Manganese（Mn） > Lead（Pb） > Arsenic（As） > Selenium（Se） > Antimony（Sb） > Chromium（Cr） > Nickel（Ni） > Cadmium（Cd） > Thallium（Tl） > Mercury（Hg） > Beryllium（Be）. Correlation analysis indicated widespread significant positive correlations among the metals and metalloids. A high correlation coefficient（r_s=0.846） was observed between Cr and Mn. Factor analysis revealed that four principal components were extracted，accounting for 80.2% of the total variance. The excess cancer risks for arsenic，chromium and cadmium were 3.16×10^-5，3.79×10^-6 and 4.02×10^-6，respectively. All values fell within the range of 1.0×10^-6 to 1.0×10^-4. Conclusion Metals and metalloids in atmospheric PM_2.5 of Xinxiang City are predominantly derived from anthropogenic sources，and their potential carcinogenic risks should be highly emphasized.

Objective To understand the epidemic trend and spatial clustering characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shangyu District，Shaoxing City during 2011-2025，and to provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the prevention and control strategies of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The tuberculosis management system of the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System was used to collect data of pulmonary tuberculosis cases within the jurisdiction from 2011 to 2025. Joinpoint 5.1.0 software was employed to analyze the incidence trends among different genders and age groups，and ArcGis 10.2 software was utilized for spatial clustering analysis. Results From 2011 to 2025，a total of 4 615 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Shangyu District，Shaoxing City. The average annual reported incidence rate was 40.46 per 100 000，showing a downward trend（P<0.001）. The average annual reported incidence rate for men（57.16 per 100 000） was significantly higher than that for women（24.11 per 100 000）（P<0.001），and both men and women showed a downward trend（both P<0.001）. The reported incidence rates for the 0- and 55- year groups remained stable（both P>0.05），while those for the 15-，25-，35- and 45-year groups all showed a downward trend（all P<0.001）. The group over 65 showed a downward trend from 2011 to 2018（P=0.009），but a stable trend from 2018 to 2025（P=0.308）. The disease showed a distinct seasonal pattern，with February being a non-epidemic season and March to September being the epidemic season. From 2017 to 2019，there was a global positive spatial correlation in the reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis，with Moran’s I index ranging from 0.323 to 0.445（P<0.05）. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that Xiaoyue Street，Songxia Street and Xietang Town showed high-high clustering. Conclusion During 2011 to 2025，the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in Shangyu District of Shaoxing City showed a downward trend. It is recommended to focus on strengthening the screening and monitoring of men and the elderly over 65, and to formulate precise intervention measures for the spatially clustered areas of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To understand the contamination status of eight mycotoxins（Aflatoxin B₁，B₂，G₁，G₂，Fumonisin B₁，B₂，B₃ and Zearalenone） in corn products in Xuchang City，and to provide the scientific data for food safety risk early warning and standard formulation. Methods From 2024 to 2025，80 samples of corn kernels，corn grits and corn meal were collected from stores and farmers’ markets in the counties and districts of Xuchang City. The contents of 8 mycotoxins in the samples were detected by using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The contamination status of the 8 mycotoxins in three types of corn products was statistically analyzed. Results The total detection rate of mycotoxins in the was 98.8%，with the highest detection rate being that of Fumonisin B₁ at 97.5%. Except Fumonisin B₁，the detection rate of mycotoxins in corn flour was the highest. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of Aflatoxin B₁ and Fumonisin B₃ among different types of samples（P<0.001）. There was no significant difference in the detection rate of mycotoxins in the samples from different locations（P>0.05）. The detection rate of Aflatoxin B₁ in 2025 significantly increased compared to that in 2024（P<0.001）. Conclusion There is widespread contamination by mycotoxins in corn products of Xuchang City，and Fumonisins are the primary contaminant. Corn meal is relatively more contaminated. The contamination of Aflatoxin B₁ in 2025 was more severe than that in 2024. It is suggested that aflatoxin be included as a routine monitoring indicator for corn products，and that control measures be strengthened at the processing stage. The monitoring coverage should be further expanded to effectively ensure food safety.

Objective To understand the microbial pollution of public places in Karamay City during 2022-2024，and to provide technical support for strengthening public place management and disease prevention and control. Methods According to the "Public Place Hygiene Inspection Method"（GB/T 18204.3-2013），the total number of colonies in eight types of public places in Karamay，waiting rooms，gyms，barbershops，beauty salons，supermarkets，bathing centers and swimming pools in 2022-2024，E. coli，Staphylococcus aureus and heat-resistant E. coli were analyzed. Results In 2022-2024，a total of 2 396 samples were collected，and 1 997 were qualified，with a qualification rate of 83.35%. The sample qualification rate was the highest in 2022（87.93%），and the lowest was in 2024（77.45%）. The qualification rate was on a downward trend year by year，with significant difference（P<0.001）. Among the eight types of testing sites，the sample qualification rate of supermarkets and bathing centers was low，67.90% and 81.42% respectively，and the sample qualification rate of the rest of the places was more than 85%，and the difference in the qualification rate between different places was statistically significant P<0.001）. The total number of air samples in the gym had the highest qualification rate（100.00%） and supermarkets had the lowest qualification rate（81.46%）（P<0.05）. There were 1 781 supplies and utensils in public places，1 456 qualified，and the overall qualification rate was 81.75%. The low qualification rate of the total number of colonies was the primary reason for the failure. From 2022 to 2024，a total of 136 public water samples of public places in bathing centers and swimming pools were tested，and 135 were qualified，with a qualification rate of 99.26%. Conclusion The pollution of supermarkets and bathing centers is relatively serious，and their qualification rate is much lower than that of other places. The total number of colonies is the main indicator leading to non-qualification，and the control of E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus is better. We should continue to improve the supervision system，implement the comprehensive governance strategy of scientific disinfection and public governance，and improve the level of hygiene and safety in the common place.

Objective To understand the exposure levels of 10 bisphenol and their metabolites and the exposure risk in children aged 8-10 years in Shenzhen. Methods A cluster random sampling method was employed to select eight primary schools in Shenzhen City during two separate periods between 2024 and 2025. The morning urine samples were collected from children aged 8-10 years. Ten bisphenol analogues and their metabolites were measured by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS）. Creatinine-corrected concentrations were used，and estimated daily intake（EDI） was calculated based on reference values for 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion. Exposure risk assessment was conducted by using the temporary tolerable daily intake（t-TDI） for bisphenol A（BPA） established by the European Food Safety Authority（EFSA） in 2023 [0.2 ng/（kg·bw·d）]. Results 276 valid samples were obtained，yielding a total of 2 760 analytical data points. Five bisphenols were detected：BPA，bisphenol F（BPF），bisphenol B（BPB），bisphenol E（BPE） and bisphenol S（BPS），with creatinine-adjusted median concentrations of 0.727，0.130，0.130，0.116 and 0.082 μg/g creatinine，respectively. The detection frequencies were highest for BPA（99.5%） and BPS（80.0%）. The median concentration of the sum of ten bisphenols（Σ10BPs） was 1.54 μg/g creatinine. The geometric mean EDI for BPA in the overall population was 12.23 ng/（kg·bw·d），and for BPS it was 1.45 ng/（kg·bw·d）. BPA exposure levels were significantly higher than those of BPS and substantially exceeded the EFSA-recommended t-TDI. Boys exhibited significantly higher BPA EDI than girls（P=0.015 7），with more individuals showing extremely high exposure values. Conclusion Children aged 8-10 years in Shenzhen are at health risk due to exposure to bisphenol A（BPA），with boys exhibiting higher exposure levels than girls. It is recommended to establish a long-term monitoring mechanism for bisphenol exposure in children，strengthen regulation of BPA in school supplies，and pay attention to exposure trends of substitutes such as bisphenol S（BPS）.

Objective To understand the characteristics of ozone pollution during summer in Chuzhou from 2022 to 2024，and propose targeted control strategies for ozone pollution. Methods Based on pollutant and meteorological parameters collected from national automatic ambient air quality monitoring stations in Chuzhou from 2022 to 2024，as well as VOCs monitoring data from a local VOCs automatic monitoring station，the photochemical indicator ratio method and maximum incremental reactivity coefficient method were adopted to analyze ozone precursors in summer in Chuzhou over the three years. Results The concentrations of the 90th percentile of maximum daily 8-hour average ozone（O_{3-8 h}-90per） in summer in Chuzhou were 184，192 and 202 μg/m³ in 2022，2023 and 2024 respectively，indicating an aggravating ozone pollution situation. Meanwhile，ozone formation in summer of Chuzhou occurred in a VOCs-limited regime，and the reduction of VOCs concentration could inhibit ozone generation. Conclusion To reduce summer ozone pollution，emission reductions of key reactive VOC species should be prioritized from mobile vehicle exhaust，combustion sources，solvent and coating usage，and industrial emission sources.

Objective To understand the correlation between classroom hygienic conditions of primary and secondary schools and myopia in the students in Jiulongpo District，Chongqing（2018-2024），and to provide a basis for formulating evidence-based myopia prevention and control strategies. Methods A stratified sampling method was used to select 424 classrooms in Jiulongpo District from 2018 to 2024 for environmental testing，and the corresponding students were underwent vision screening and completed questionnaires. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between classroom environmental factors and screening-detected myopia. Results A total of 22 959 primary and secondary school students were identified with myopia，with a detection rate of 56.69%. The prevalence of myopia showed statistically significant differences across sex and grade levels（P<0.001）. Environmental assessments of classrooms revealed the following compliance rates：blackboard height，95.69%；average illuminance on desk surfaces，89.86%；uniformity of blackboard illuminance，87.32%；blackboard width，83.49%；average blackboard illuminance，78.23%；uniformity of desk illuminance，76.42%；blackboard reflectance，51.02%；per capita classroom area，25.71%；and noise level，4.25%. Blackboard dimensions，blackboard surface reflectance and average desk illuminance were identified as the risk factors for myopia. Conclusion The prevalence of myopia and the compliance rate of classroom environmental hygiene among primary and secondary school students in Jiulongpo District，Chongqing require more improvement. Non-compliance in blackboard dimensions，blackboard surface reflectance and average desk illuminance is associated with an increased risk of screening-detected myopia in students.

Objective To understand the pollution characteristics and sources of five water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 collected from Baodi District of Tianjin during 2023-2025. Methods The monitoring sites were established in Baodi District，Tianjin，from January 2023 to December 2025. PM_2.5 samples in were collected by using a medium flow sampler，and the contents of five water-soluble ions were measured by using an ion chromatograph. Results The annual average concentrations of the five water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 in Baodi District were ranked as NO₃^->SO₄^2->NH₄⁺>Cl^->F^-. During the sampling period，the seasonal variation characteristics of the mass concentrations of the five water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 showed that F^- was highest in autumn，followed by winter，summer and spring. Cl^- was highest in winter，followed by autumn，spring，and summer. NO₃^- was highest in autumn，followed by spring，winter and summer. SO₄^2- was highest in summer，followed by autumn，winter and spring. NH₄⁺ was highest in spring，followed by winter，autumn and summer. In the comparison of the mass concentrations of water-soluble ions in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Baodi District from 2023 to 2025，NO₃^- and SO₄^2- showed a decreasing trend year by year，decreasing from 11.68 μg/m³ and 4.72 μg/m³ in 2023 to 9.85 μg/m³ and 4.31 μg/m³ in 2025，respectively. NH₄⁺ and Cl^- showed small fluctuations，with interannual coefficients of variation all below 8.5%. F^- reached a peak of 0.083 μg/m³ in 2025，an increase of 12.2% compared to 2023. Through principal component analysis of the water-soluble ions in PM_2.5 in Baodi District during 2023-2025，a total of four principal factors were extracted，accounting for a total of 87.9%. Among them，coal combustion sources were the highest component，accounting for 29.40%，followed by NO₃^- and SO₄^2-，biomass burning，industrial and agricultural engineering emissions，and motor vehicle sources，accounting for 28.90%，16.40% and 13.20% respectively. Conclusion The mass concentrations of NO₃^-，SO₄^2-，NH₄⁺，Cl^-，and F^- in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Baodi District exhibit significant seasonal variations. Therefore，it is recommended to continuously monitor the concentration changes and transformation patterns of gaseous precursors，effectively prevent the secondary formation of PM_2.5，and actively strengthen the management of biomass boilers，enhance the control of dust emissions from construction sites and roads.

Objective To develop a method for the simultaneous determination of eleven key volatile organic compounds（VOCs） collected from the air of the workplace by capillary column-gas chromatography. Methods The samples were collected by adsorption of solvent desorption activated carbon sampling tube，and the components were separated by DB-WAX capillary column with strong polarity after being desorbed by carbon disulfide，and the response collection of the target substance was performed by a hydrogen flame ionization detector（FID），and the retention time was used as the qualitative basis and the peak area was used for quantitative analysis. Results The 11 target substances had good linear relationships in their respective linear range，with correlation coefficients >0.999，the limit of detection was 0.07-1.20 μg/mL，and the limit of quantification was 0.21-3.60 μg/mL. Under the three concentration gradients of low，medium and high，the intra-batch relative standard deviation（RSD） was 0.5%-2.3%，the inter-batch RSD was 0.6%-3.9%，the average desorption efficiency was 95.2%-99.8%，and the recovery rate was 91.5%-104.7%. Application of this method in five wood furniture manufacturing enterprises in Northern Fujian showed that the concentrations of toluene and xylene in spraying workshops were the highest（2.3-35.7 mg/m³），accounting for 62%-78% of total VOCs，and 1，2-dichloroethane was the characteristic pollutant in bonding workshops（0.3-3.7 mg/m³）. Conclusion This method has good separation effect，high accuracy and simple operation，and is applicable to daily occupational health monitoring and risk control of this industry.

Objective To understand the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the drug resistance characteristics of pulmonary infections in surgical patients at a certain hospital from 2020 to 2024. Methods The research data of 57 patient at Hengdian Wenrong Hospital who underwent surgery and had pulmonary infections from January 2020 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and sputum specimens were collected from the patients for culture，identification and drug sensitivity test analysis. The clinical data of 30 patients who underwent surgery at the same hospital but without pulmonary infections during the same period were also collected to analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection. Results A total of 59 pathogenic bacteria were detected in the 57 patients，with 19 strains（32.20%） detected in 2020，13 strains（22.03%） in 2021，8 strains（13.56%） in 2022，6 strains（10.17%） in 2023，and 13 strains（22.03%） in 2024. The pathogenic bacteria were mainly Gram-negative bacteria，the 5-year composition ratios were 52.63%，46.15%，62.50%，66.67% and 53.85% respectively，and the total composition ratio was 54.24%. The main pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa，followed by Gram-positive bacteria，the 5-year composition ratios were 36.84%，38.46%，37.50%，33.33% and 30.77% respectively，and the total composition ratio was 35.59%. The main pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed higher resistance to piperacillin，cefuroxime and gentamicin. Staphylococcus aureus showed higher resistance to penicillin，erythromycin and levofloxacin，and Streptococcus pneumoniae showed higher resistance to erythromycin，clindamycin and compound novobiocin. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that length of hospital stay（OR=1.483，95%CI：1.012-2.173），invasive procedures（OR= 1.253，95%CI：1.009-1.567），prolonged bed rest（OR=1.853，95%CI：1.103-3.116） and hypoproteinemia（OR=1.662， 95%CI：1.086-2.543） were all risk factors for pulmonary infection in elective surgery patients（P<0.05）. Conclusion From 2020 to 2024，pulmonary infections in surgical patients at this hospital were mainly caused by Gram-negative bacteria，mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa，which showed higher resistance to piperacillin，cefuroxime，and gentamicin. For those with long hospital stays，invasive procedures，prolonged bed rest and hypoproteinemia，targeted intervention measures should be formulated to actively prevent the occurrence of pulmonary infections.