Objective To understand pollution status of avian influenza virus in the poultry related environment of Ganzhou City during 2020-2024 and provide a reference for human infection risk assessment. Methods Avian influenza virus samples from the poultry-related sites were collected from three monitoring points in Anyuan County，Xingguo County and Ganxian District of Ganzhou City between 2020 and 2024. These samples were tested for pan-influenza A virus by nucleic acid detection. Monitoring sites included urban and rural live poultry markets，poultry slaughtering and processing plants，commercial poultry farms（households），and areas with concentrated backyard poultry flocks. The environmental specimens collected consisted of poultry-related samples obtained during transportation，sale，slaughter，processing and trading. These included poultry feces，water，swab specimens from poultry cage surfaces，swab specimens from slaughtering or meat-displaying boards，knives，and other relevant types. Venous blood samples were collected from occupationally exposed individuals at poultry slaughtering and processing plants，farms and backyard poultry households in Ganxian District. Serum specimens were separated and tested for antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Results 1 798 environmental samples were collected，in which 1 091 were positive for influenza A virus，with positive rate of 60.68%. Among them，the predominant influenza A subtypes detected were H5，H9，and H5+H9 co-infection，with no H7 positivity identified. H9 subtype was positive in 614（34.15%），H5 in 56（3.11%），H5+H9 co-infection in 248（13.79%），and 173 were positive for unsubtypable strains. H9 was the most prevalent subtype in environmental contamination. From 2020 to 2024，the avian influenza A virus positivity rates in environmental samples from poultry-related sites across Ganzhou City were 55.59%，60.56%，63.89%，59.17% and 64.17%，respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive rate between different years（χ²=7.628，P=0.106）. Positive samples were detected in all four quarters，with significantly different quarterly positivity rates（P<0.01）. All five types of environmental samples tested positive for avian influenza virus nucleic acid. The swabs from slaughtering/meat-displaying boards had the highest count（261 positives），followed by cage surface swabs（260 positives），while other types had the highest positive rate（85.57%）. A significant difference in positive rates was observed among sample types（P<0.01）. All three monitored counties/districts yielded positive samples，with significantly different regional positive rates（P<0.01）. The urban/rural live poultry markets showed the highest positive rate（82.28%），while commercial poultry farms had the lowest（2.36%），with significant differences（P<0.01）. 400 serum samples of occupationally exposed population were detected，10 were hemagglutinin antibody positive. Conclusion There is evidence of avian influenza virus contamination in poultry related environments in Ganzhou，with the H9 subtype being the predominant strain. Inapparent infection of avian influenza virus existed in occupational exposure population.Surveillance and management efforts should be strengthened in key areas and at high risk monitoring sites.

Objective To understand the protective effect of a dietary supplement on lung injury induced by radon exposure in mice. Methods Male BALB/C mice of 6-8 weeks were used as the experimental subjects. The lung injury models were established by exposing mice to varying doses of radon（30，60 and 120 WLM，respectively）. The 120 WLM dose group was selected for subsequent experiments. The mice were randomly divided into three groups：blank control group，radon-exposed group and dietary supplement group. Concurrently with radon exposure，mice in the dietary supplement group received daily gavage（0.5 mL） of a supplement containing edible alcohol，propolis，vitamins，selenium and other components. On the day following the final radon exposure，the mice were sacrificed，and the lung tissues were harvested，sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin（HE） for microscopic examination of morphological changes. The activity of superoxide dismutase（SOD） and the content of malondialdehyde（MDA） in lung tissue were measured. Results Compared to the blank control group，both the 120 WLM radon-exposed group and the dietary supplement group exhibited pathological alterations in the lung tissue，including thickened alveolar walls，widened alveolar septa，damaged alveolar epithelial cells and inflammatory cell infiltration. However，compared to the radon-exposed group alone，the dietary supplement group showed less pronounced thickening of alveolar walls，damage to alveolar epithelial cells，and inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with radon-exposed group，SOD activity was increased，and MDA content was decreased in the lung tissue of the dietary supplement group，without significant difference（P>0.05）. Conclusion The dietary supplement may mitigate radon-induced oxidative stress damage in the lung and enhance antioxidant capacity，demonstrating a protective effect on lung injury. The present study will provide a scientific basis for developing protective strategies for populations exposed to radon.

Objective To develop a more efficient and accurate identification method for Legionella pneumophila in central air-conditioning ventilation systems that overcomes the limitations of the traditional national standard method. Methods From April to November 2024，the cooling water and condensate water samples from central air-conditioning ventilation systems in Shenzhen City were collected and the detection employed both the national standard method（GB/T 18204.5-2013） and a full-length 16S rDNA alignment method. Results A total of 43 batches of samples were collected in Shenzhen City，among which 14 batches exhibited bacterial colony growth. The final identification results of the 16S rDNA alignment method and the national standard method were consistent for 13 batches. More importantly，the identification time for the 16S rDNA alignment method was 6 days，shorter than that of the national standard method（8 days for negative samples and 9-11 days for positive samples）. Furthermore，the 16S rDNA alignment method identified a total of 575 bacterial strains，comprising Legionella pneumophila strains and non-Legionella pneumophila strains. These strains spanned 48 genera and 81 species，and 6 putative novel species were discovered. Conclusion Comparing to the national standard method，the full-length 16S rDNA alignment method may simplify the operational process，shorten the detection cycle and reduce human labor and resource requirements，and it may minimize errors from manual operations，improve detection accuracy and the positive detection rate. Additionally，it may provide species and genus identification for non-Legionella pneumophila organisms and can identify potential novel species，demonstrating considerable application value in practical detection work.

Objective To know the distribution of macroelements and microelements in crustacean and bivalve seafood from the Binzhou coast of the Bohai Bay and heavy metal exposure risks. Methods 139 samples of local commercial crustaceans and bivalves were collected from Zhanhua District and Wudi County（Bohai Bay coast），Binzhou，Shandong，from June to December 2023. Sodium，magnesium，calcium and potassium were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry（ICP-OES）. Cr，Fe，Cu，Zn，total arsenic（As），Se，Cd，Pb，and Mn by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），and total mercury（Hg） by a fully automated mercury analyzer. Principal component analysis（PCA） characterized nutrient element patterns，while target hazard quotient（THQ） and total target hazard quotient（TTHQ） assessed heavy metal health risks. Results Among 139 samples of crustaceans and bivalves，the detection rates of 4 macroelements and 5 micronutrients all reached 100%. The K content in crustaceans was significantly higher than that in bivalves，while the contents of Mg and Ca were significantly lower，with significant differences（P<0.05）. Except for Cu，the contents of the other 4 trace elements（Fe，Mn，Zn and Se） showed significant differences between the two types of seafood（P<0.05）. Crustaceans had lower contents of Fe，Mn and Zn，but their Se content was significantly higher than that of bivalves. Principal component analysis further confirmed that the comprehensive score of nutrient elements in bivalves（0.498） was significantly higher than that in crustaceans（0.116）. In terms of contamination，Cd was the main excessive heavy metal，with an overall exceeding rate of 23.7%，and the excessive risk of crustaceans（26.3%） was higher than that of bivalves（9.5%）. Health risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient（HQ） of a single metal was all less than 1，however，the total target hazard quotient of crustaceans at both the average and P₇₅ exposure levels was greater than 1，indicating potential health risks to consumers. Conclusion Bivalves have stronger enrichment capacity for various microelements and may serve as a better source of trace elements for local residents. Although the risk of individual heavy metals is controllable，long-term consumption of crustacean products may lead to potential health risks from comprehensive exposure due to their heavy metal levels，particularly Cd and As. Therefore，it is recommended that residents maintain moderate consumption of crustacean seafood to avoid potential long-term health risks.

Objective To systematically analyze the contamination characteristics，speciation distribution and bioavailability of heavy metals in farmland soils of Y Town，Midong District，Urumqi City，and to provide the methodological reference for risk assessment and safe utilization of heavy metal-contaminated soils. Methods Fourteen farmland soil samples were collected. The total contents of eight heavy metals，cadmium（Cd），chromium（Cr），mercury（Hg），nickel（Ni），lead（Pb），copper（Cu），zinc（Zn） and arsenic（As） were determined. The speciation distribution characteristics were analyzed by using the modified Community Bureau of Reference（CBR） sequential extraction procedure（abbreviated as BCR sequential extraction method）. The correlation between soil pH and heavy metal concentrations was explored via Spearman rank correlation analysis. Bioavailability risks were evaluated by using two methods：the risk assessment code（RAC） method and the ratio of secondary phase to primary phase（RSP） method. Results The study area soils were alkaline（pH 7.95-8.90），with prominent Cd and As pollution. Specifically，Cd concentrations exceeded the risk screening values at 2 sites，and As concentrations exceeded the standard at 11 sites. Compared with the background values of Xinjiang soils，the disqualified rates of Cd，Hg，Cu and As at all sampled sites reached 100%. Speciation analysis indicated that heavy metals primarily existed in residual and oxidizable fractions：Cu and As had residual fractions exceeding 90%，indicating low environmental risk. Zn，Cr，Cd and Pb showed relatively high oxidizable or reducible fractions at some sites. Hg exhibited significant speciation variability，with exchangeable fractions accounting for up to 30.3%，and oxidizable fractions exceeding 20% at 7 sites. Bioavailability assessments revealed significant differences between the two methods，with the RSP method being more suitable for potential risk evaluation in alkaline soils. Notably，Ni，Cr and Zn total contents showed significant negative correlations with pH，while most total heavy metals exhibited positive correlations characteristic of co-originated pollution. Correlations among bioavailable fractions，however，were regulated by speciation transformation mechanisms. Conclusion Excessive Cd and As levels，along with the high bioavailability risk of Hg，require prioritized attention. Under alkaline conditions，heavy metals primarily accumulate in stable fractions，however，Hg’s organically bound and exchangeable fractions still retain release potential. It is recommended to conduct contamination source investigations in high-risk Hg areas and select appropriate risk assessment methods based on soil physicochemical properties.

Objective To understand the effect on disinfection of hotels in Qinghai Province，and to provide the references for improving the quality of disinfection work. Methods The disinfection quality surveillance data of 34 hotels was retrospectively analyzed in seven cities and prefectures，including Xining City，Haidong City，Haixi Prefecture，Haibei Prefecture，Yushu Prefecture，Hainan Prefecture and Huangnan Prefecture in Qinghai Province during 2022-2024. The qualified rate was calculated based on the total number of bacterial colonies to evaluate the quality of disinfection. The questionnaires were used to conduct on-site surveys of disinfection capabilities. The chi-square test was performed by using R4.3.1. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of disinfection qualified rate. Results During 2022-2024，2 273 object surface samples were collected and tested from 34 hotels，1 578 test results were qualified，the qualified rate was 69.42%，and the rest&living environment qualified rate was 63.53% and the public area environment qualified rate was 75.44%，the tableware and kitchen environment qualified rate was 73.47%. The object surface disinfection qualified rate of environment in different priority region showed significant differences（χ²=36.17，P<0.05）. The disinfection qualified rate for hotels and guesthouses of three-star and below was 61.60%，while that for hotels and guesthouses of four-star and above was 78.98%. The qualified rate of public facilities in different star hotels showed significant difference（χ²=79.27，P<0.05）. The disinfection qualified rate during the peak season was 65.80%，while during the off-season it was 73.75%. The microbial qualified rate of public facilities in hotels in different touring seasons showed significant difference（χ²=16.38，P<0.05）. There was no significant differences in effectiveness of different disinfection methods（χ²=1.99，P>0.05）. The multivariate analysis showed that the training，induction type water outlet，four-star and above hotels and the tourist off-season had better disinfection of object surfaces qualified conditions. The qualified rate of public supplies and equipment in hotels from 2022 to 2024 showed a downward trend（χ²_trend=30.48，P<0.05）. Conclusion The disinfection quality and ability of hotels in seven cities and prefectures of Qinghai Province need further improvement. More attention should be paid to the disinfection skills of hotel management and service personnel to enhance hygiene quality and safeguard public health.

Objective To understand the impact of rainfall amount and acidification degree on the leaching of heavy metals in soils with high background concentrations，and provide a basis for the management of soil acidification and the remediation of high heavy metal background soils. Methods From July to September 2022，heavy metal high-background soil from a pomelo orchard in Pinghe County，Fujian Province，was selected as the research object. After being naturally air-dried and passed through a 10-mesh sieve，the soil was submerged in deionized water. By adding 50 g/L H₂SO₄ or 20 g/L KOH，soils with different acidification levels at pH values of 4.0，4.2，4.4，4.6，4.8 and 5.0 were prepared. Leaching experiments were conducted by simulating light rain（10 mm·d^-1·time^-1） and heavy rain（100 mm·d^-1·time^-1）. By constructing 0-40 cm soil columns，the effects of different rainfall patterns and acidification levels on heavy metal leaching in soil were explored. Results Under simulated light rain conditions（10 mm·d^-1·time^-1），the soil fully absorbed the water without leachate seepage. However，during simulated heavy rain（100 mm·d^-1·time^-1），leachate containing heavy metal ions such as Tl⁺，Cd²⁺，and Pb²⁺ could be collected within 120 s，and the ion concentrations increased as leaching progresses through the soil layers. During heavy rainfall，the concentrations of heavy metal ions in the leachate from the 0-40 cm soil layer were 2.56 to 7.59 times those from the 0-10 cm soil layer. The lower the soil pH，the greater the leaching of Tl⁺，Cd²⁺，and Pb²⁺. Specifically，the elution rates of Tl⁺，Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ in soil with a pH of 4.0 were 5.85，4.69 and 2.17 times higher，respectively，than those in soil with a pH of 5.0. Conclusion Storm rainfall-induced leaching poses a potential pollution risk. The degree of soil acidification also significantly affects the concentrations of Tl⁺，Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺. The lower the soil pH，the easier it is for heavy metals to be leached out. It is recommended that maintaining a soil pH above 5.0 can effectively mitigate the risk of heavy metal contamination in soil leachate.

Objective To understand the level and the influencing factors of environmental health literacy among residents in Yangpu District，Shanghai during 2021-2024，and to provide the data for formulating targeted health education policies. Methods The residents in the investigated areas were chosen through multi-stage cluster random sampling. From 2021 to 2024，a household survey was conducted on the level of environmental health literacy of residents，and a total of 1 310 valid questionnaires were collected. The χ² test was used to compare the rate of environmental health literacy among the residents with different characteristics，and logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results From 2021 to 2024，the overall possession rate of residents’ environmental health literacy in Yangpu District was 31.83%. Among them，the possession rates of the three primary classification indicators-environmental health basic concepts，basic knowledge and basic behaviors and skills-were 24.58%，29.92% and 40.38%，respectively. The possession rates of the six secondary classification indicators-basic cognition，basic attitude，basic concepts，scientific knowledge，basic behaviors and basic skills-were 20.00%，55.04%，59.31%，22.98%，56.34% and 37.18%，respectively. The possession situation of residents’ environmental health literacy showed significant differences in four demographic characteristics dimensions：age，occupation，educational level and average monthly family income（P<0.05）. The differences in the secondary classification indicators’ literacy levels among residents of different ages，occupations and educational levels were significant（P<0.05），and the differences in the literacy levels of the three dimensions-basic concepts，scientific knowledge and basic skills-among residents with different average monthly family incomes were also significant（P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that educational level，occupation and average monthly disposable income of the family were the influencing factors of the residents’ environmental health literacy level. Conclusion The environmental health literacy of residents in Yangpu District still has deficiencies in basic concepts，basic knowledge and scientific knowledge. It is necessary to strengthen the environmental health literacy education for the middle and low-income groups，retirees and those with low educational attainment.

Objective To know the sleep quality and mental health of offshore oil operation personnel，and to understand the influencing factors and correlations. Methods From March to July 2024，a total of 14 131 offshore oil workers from a state-owned enterprise were chosen as the research subjects through cluster sampling. A self-designed basic information questionnaire，the Pittsburgh sleep quality index（PSQI），the Maslach burnout inventory-general survey（MBI-GS），the symptom checklist-90（SCL-90），the social support rating scale（SSRS），and the psychological capital questionnaire（PCQ） were used for the investigation. A total of 13 716 valid questionnaires were collected，with an effective recovery rate of 97.06%. χ² test was used to analyze the distribution differences of the PSQI total scores among offshore oil workers with different demographic characteristics. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlations between various mental health indicators and sleep quality. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify the influencing factors of sleep quality. Results The prevalence of sleep disorders among offshore oil workers was 16.33%. There were significant differences in the distribution of PSQI total scores，MBI-GS，SCL-90，SSRS，and PCQ scores among offshore oil workers of different ages，positions，lengths of service，and days at sea（P<0.05）. The PSQI total score was positively correlated with the MBI-GS and SCL-90 total scores（r values were 0.089 and 0.611，respectively，P<0.01），and negatively correlated with the SSRS and PCQ total scores（r values were-0.438 and-0.266，respectively，P<0.01）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that compared with operation position workers，the PSQI total scores of business position（P<0.01），technical position（P<0.01），and management position（P<0.01） workers were higher. Compared with workers with a service length of <11 years，the PSQI total scores of workers with a service length of 11~<20 years（P<0.05） were higher（β=0.024，P<0.05）. Compared with workers at sea for 180 days per year，the PSQI total scores of workers at sea for 230 days per year（β=-0.037，P<0.01） were lower，and those of workers at sea for 270 days per year（β=0.045，P<0.01） were higher. MBI-GS（β=0.018，P<0.01） and SCL-90（β=0.479，P<0.01） positively affected the PSQI total score，while SSRS（β=-0.212，P<0.01） and PCQ（β=-0.039，P<0.01） negatively affected the PSQI total score. Conclusion Offshore oil workers suffer from varying degrees of sleep disturbances and mental health problems. Sleep quality is associated with both occupational factors—such as job category，length of service and days spent at sea per year—and non-occupational factors，including burnout，somatic and psychological symptoms，social support and psychological capital. Targeted interventions should be developed for this population to improve sleep quality and promote overall physical and mental well-being.

Objective To know the contamination levels and health risks of lead（Pb），cadmium（Cd） and chromium（Cr） in commercially available dried beans in Anshun City. Methods In 2024，a total of 360 samples of four types of dried legumes（kidney beans，soybeans，mung beans and white beans） were collected from five types of retail outlets（farmers’ markets，supermarkets，mobile stalls，vegetable markets and dried goods stores）. The heavy metal content in these samples was determined by using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS），and health risk assessment was conducted by employing the single-factor pollution index（Pi） method. Results All samples were contaminated with at least one heavy metal（overall detection rate：100.00%），with Cr detected in 100.00% of samples，followed by Pb（74.72%） and Cd（67.50%）. The Pb disqualified rate（15.28%） was significantly higher than those of Cd（0.83%） and Cr（3.06%）（P<0.05），making Pb as the dominant risk factor. Varietal analysis revealed that mung beans had the highest Pb disqualified rate（20.51%），while kidney beans showed the highest Cr disqualified rate（5.05%）. Among sales venues，farmers’ markets（23.76%） and mobile stalls（19.18%） exhibited significantly higher Pb disqualified rates than other venues（P<0.05），whereas Cd disqualified rates were only observed in supermarkets（2.56%）. Pollution index grading indicated that 84.72% of samples fell within the safe range for Pb，but mild，moderate and severe pollution risks still require attention. Conclusion Pb is the primary contaminant in dried beans in Anshun City. Targeted supervision for high-risk varieties（e.g.，mung beans） and sales venues（e.g.，farmers’ markets and mobile stalls） is recommended，along with source control and supply chain management to mitigate health risks.

Objective To understand the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation（rTMS） on swallowing function and resting insular functional network in the treatment of post-stroke dysphagia（PSD）. Methods 106 PSD patients admitted to Jiaxing Second Hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were chosen as the study subjects and randomly divided into a control group treated with electrical stimulation（n=53） and an observation group treated with rTMS（n=53）. Compare the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF），neuron-specific enolase（NSE），and brain-derived neurotrophic factor（BDNF） and changes in swallowing function between two groups after 2 weeks of treatment using the clinical dysphagia scale（CDS），dysphagia outcome and severity scale（DOSS），and standardized swallowing assessment（SSA）. Functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI） technology was used to analyze the changes in functional connectivity（FC） in the resting state of the insula before and after treatment in two groups of patients. Results After treatment，the CDS and SSA scores of both groups of patients decreased significantly，while the DOSS score increased significantly，with significant differences（P<0.01）. Compared with the control group，the observation group showed better improvement in swallowing function，with statistically significant differences（P<0.01）. After treatment，the levels of BDNF and VEGF in both groups of patients increased significantly，while NSE decreased significantly，with significant differences（P<0.01）. Compared with the control group，the observation group showed better improvement in BDNF，NSE and VEGF levels（P<0.01）. After treatment，the bilateral insula，frontal lobe and central posterior gyrus FC of the control group patients were enhanced. After treatment，the observation group showed enhanced FC in both insula，frontal lobe，middle cingulate gyrus and anterior cingulate gyrus. Conclusion rTMS can significantly improve the swallowing function of PSD patients，and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of resting FC in the insula，frontal lobe and anterior cingulate gyrus of PSD patients by rTMS.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and long-term trends of infectious diseases among primary，secondary school students and preschool children in Baodi District，Tianjin City during 2014-2023，and to provide the data for the surveillance and prevention of student-related infectious diseases. Methods The data on infectious diseases among the target population were obtained from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System，while school enrollment numbers were sourced from the District Education Bureau. The descriptive epidemiological methods and Joinpoint regression analysis were employed to analyze disease characteristics and incidence trends. The average annual percent change（AAPC） of incidence rate was calculated. Results A total of 8 460 cases of 21 kinds of infectious diseases were reported during 2014-2023，with an annual average incidence rate of 946.78 per 100 000. The top five diseases accounted for 93.11%（7 877/8 460） of cases：influenza（4 034 cases，451.45/100 000），hand，foot and mouth disease（HFMD，1 652 cases，184.88/100 000），other infectious diarrhea（945 cases，105.76/100 000），varicella（933 cases，104.41/100 000），and COVID-19（313 cases，35.03/100 000）. Seasonal indices for intestinal infectious diseases exceeded 1 from June to October，while respiratory infectious diseases peaked in March and November-December. The male cases（4 932，1 057.14/100 000） significantly outnumbered the female cases（3 528，826.20/100 000），with an gender ratio of 1.28∶1（P<0.01）. Incidence rates varied significantly across educational stages，peaking in preschool children（1 788.15/100 000） and reaching the lowest in junior high school students（537.79/100 000）（P<0.01）. Joinpoint regression revealed significant upward trends in overall incidence（P<0.01），gender-specific rates（male：AAPC=31.58，t=3.53，P<0.01；female：AAPC=34.58，t=3.84，P<0.01），educational stages（primary school：AAPC=42.17，t=4.39，P<0.01；junior high school： AAPC=39.98，t=3.83，P<0.01；senior high school：AAPC=29.30，t=3.01，P<0.05），and respiratory infections（AAPC=51.23，t=4.50，P<0.01）. Conclusion Infectious diseases are highly prevalent among primary and secondary school students，with an increasing incidence trend. Publicity and education on infectious diseases prevention and control in schools should be strengthened. The relevant departments should enhance the monitoring of infectious diseases，particularly focusing on key disease types，peak seasons and high-risk populations，by establishing targeted surveillance，early warning systems and intervention measures，and this approach will effectively and promptly prevent and control outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Objective To establish a method for determining residues of eight kinds of organochlorine pesticides，including hexachlorocyclohexane（HCH） and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane（DDT），in soil and sediment by using ultrasonic-assisted extraction combined with solid-phase microextraction（SPME） coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Methods The soil or sediment samples were extracted by using an extraction solvent（hexane∶acetone=1∶1）via ultrasonication. The extracts were then subjected to SPME by using a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber with 50/30 μm thickness. The determination was performed by using electron ionization（EI） in selected ion monitoring（SIM） mode. Results The eight target compounds showed good linear relationships within the range of 0.001 to 0.006 mg/kg，with correlation coefficients greater than 0.995. The spiked recoveries ranged from 83.2% to 105.3%，and the relative standard deviations（RSD） were all below 5.0%. The limits of detection were between 0.002 and 0.006 mg/kg. Conclusion This method is simple，sensitive and applicable to simultaneous determination of HCH，DDT and other 8 organochlorine pesticide residues in soil and sediment.

Objective To establish an analytical method for the determination of eight short-chain and ultra-short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids（PFAAs） in human urine by using solid-phase extraction（SPE） and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（UHPLC-MS/MS）. Methods The urine samples were acidified with 2% formic acid，and purified by using WAX and ENVI-Carb SPE cartridges，and separated by UHPLC with gradient elution. The quantitative analysis of target compounds was quantified in negative electrospray ionization mode using multiple reaction monitoring（MRM）. Results This method demonstrated a good linearity in the range of 0.1-50.0 μg/L，with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.998 1 to 0.999 7. The limits of detection ranged from 0.003 to 1.500 μg/L，and the limits of quantification were 0.010-4.500 μg/L. The precision（expressed as relative standard deviation） was 3.5%-8.5%，with recoveries of 71.2%-123.0%. Conclusion This method is accurate，reliable and is applicable to the determination of short-chain and ultra-short-chain PFAAs in human urine.

N6-methyladenosine（m6A） is a common chemical modification on eukaryotic RNA. The m6A methylation modification can regulate the splicing of RNA precursors，RNA nuclear export，translation process，and affect RNA stability. It not only has a significant influence on the expression of genes within cells but also participates in the regulation of gene expression，thereby exerting a profound influence on the gene expression of various organisms. In addition，autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process in eukaryotes for the turnover of intracellular substances，which helps maintain normal cellular metabolism. This article summarized the research progress on the regulation of autophagy by m6A modification during the occurrence and development of fine particulate matter（PM_2.5）-induced lung injury，aiming to provide a reference for future studies on the regulatory mechanism of m6A modification in regulating autophagy levels in PM_2.5-induced lung injury and present a new direction for the exploration of treatment strategies for PM_2.5-induced lung injury.

As a new type of environmental pollutant，microplastics enter the organisms through multiple exposure pathways such as dietary intake，respiratory inhalation and skin contact，and have become a key environmental risk factor that threatens the stability of ecosystems and the sustainability of human health. This article focused on the food-borne exposure pathways of microplastics，systematically reviewed their migration and accumulation characteristics in the food chain，and focused on the toxicological effects of single microplastic exposure scenarios，including key scientific issues such as oxidative stress induction，cell damage effects，and physiological function interference. The purpose of this paper is to provide the theoretical support for deepening the risk perception of diet-related microplastic pollution，and to promote the improvement of environmental monitoring system and public health protection awareness.

DNA，as the genetic material of humans，needs to be passed on to the next generation intact. However，endogenous and environmental factors constantly attack DNA causing DNA damage，affecting DNA replication，and mediating tumorigenesis. To cope with this threat，the human body has evolved a DNA damage repair（DDR） system to regulate DNA damage，transmit DNA damage signals and mediate repair，thus preventing a wide range of diseases，such as malignant tumors，caused by DNA mutations，which is of significance in the field of biology. With the continuous mining of DDR system，the mechanism of key proteins involved in DDR pathways，such as poly ADP-ribose polymerase（PARP）1/2，ataxia-telangiectasia mutated protein（ATM）/ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related（ATR）/DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit（DNA-PKcs），WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase（WEE1）/checkpoint kinase 1（CHK1） and polymerase epsilon（POLE）/polymerase delta 1（POLD），in DDR has been widely concerned. This paper summarized the role and mechanism of known proteins in DDR signal transmission and DNA repair，strengthened the understanding of DDR pathways，and provided important ideas for finding DDR targets and treating diseases caused by DNA mutations.